Ⅰhing Goals:
about modern agriculture and the effects it has on people's life.
tise giving advice and making decisions.
“It” for emphasis.
statistical graphs.
e a plan for a vegetable garden.
Ⅱhing Time:
Five periods
Ⅲground Information:
American Small Farm
Last year,at harvest time,we visited the Steenhoek farm,which is 2 200 mu,or 340 cal family farms are run entirely by family members,with every member playing a vital part in the of these families are descendants of Dutch immigrants who settled here over a century ago.
The Steenhoek farm supports 3 family of nhoek includes three children and 2 we will see,this family is an excellent example of hardworking,experienced farmers who stay on the land not purely because of profit,but because they are living a life-style that satisfies y percent of the Steenhoek's acres are devoted to pasture land,on which they raise 120 beef rest of the land is used for growing corn.
Fifteen years ago,the American farm economy was ers could specialize,raising one crop,or one type of y,with an uncertain farm economy,such an idea is considered foolhardy,and diversifying is one way that farmers can lesson their risk of example,if weather affects the size of a crop,the sale of the livestock will make up the the animals are plagued by disease,at least there is grain to take to market.
Kendall Steenhoek,Simon's eldest son,divides his time between running this machine shop and farming zoo acres of attended a community college in Iowa for two years to study diesel he opened this repair shop for farm all also plants and harvests over 30 000 bushels of corn each year,but it is the income from the repair shop that has enabled him to stay within the farming heavy equipment used on the farms today is in constant need of maintenance,and requires precision tooling for far,the most impressive and certainly the most costly piece of farm equipment used on a small farm is a harvesting machine called a combine,which can cost up to $100 000.
This type of machinery is what makes the American farm so a combine,one man and his family can harvest an entire crop of a 500 acre farm in two value of the combine is that it performs several it moves through a field of corn,this sophisticated machine cuts the stalk,plucks the ear,discards the stalk,shucks the corn kernels off the ear and deposites the kernels in a storage bin in the ,a spinning device in the rear of the combine shreds the husks and shafts and scatters them across the field,to serve as mulch,cutting down on the possibility of soil erosion from winter machine is even more amazing when you think that it has been in use on American farms for only one generation.
s
Every living cell contains are too small to be seen in a microscope,but they are vitally set of genes in the body contains all the instructions needed to make a human genes determine hair determine the shape of a genes help determine your height and even your weight.
Genes are made of a chemical called DNA-the letters stand for deoxyribonucleicacid(脱氧核糖核酸) the early 1950's,two scientists,Francis Crick and James Watson,figured out how the parts of DNA fit scientists understood this structure,it became possible to take pieces of DNA apart and put them together in new kinds of genes could be made in this manner.
Scientists have studied the genes of many plants and have worked out which genes affect the color of a tomato and the stickness of its ing out which genes determine which features is called genetic mapping,scientists have begun the Human Genome Project,an ambitious effort to map all the genes in the human body.
Some genes may be example,something might be wrong with the gene that makes blood clot(凝聚) individual born with this defective gene could suffer serious hemorrhages(出血)or even bleed to death because his or her blood fails to scientists ever learn how to map all the genes in our bodies,they could determine whether or not an unborn child has any defective might even discover how to treat these genes before the child is born.
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
ove the students' speaking ability by practising giving advice and making decisions.
le the students to master the expressions of giving advice and making decisions.
the students to learn more about agriculture.
Teaching Important Points:
to express oneself,using what is learned or given.
to advise do something and how to make decisions.
Teaching Difficult Points:
usage of some expressions.
to improve the students' listening ability.
Teaching Methods:
ening some materials to improve the students' listening ability.
ussion to let the students express themselves freely.
p work or pair work to give every student a chance to express themselves.
Teaching Aids:
1.a tape recorder
2.a projector and some slides
3.a computer
Teaching Procedures:
step Ⅰtings and Revision
T:Good morning,everyone.
Ss:Good morning,teacher.
T:Sit down, this class,I'll check your homework first,Wang Ping,read your homework to us,…
(The teacher checks the students' homework and have a discussion with the students about the mistake Wang Ping the students have a clear understanding and correct it.)
step Ⅱaration for listening and speaking
T:Today,we're going to learn a new unit,Unit 19,Modern Agriculture(Teacher writes the following on the blackboard:Unit 19 Modern agriculture,the First Period)t,let's learn the new words of this at the screen:
New words:
produce n.产量、产物、农产品
effect n.结果、影响、作用
dike n.堤坝；排水沟
drought n.干旱
leader n.领导者
lead v.领导、带领
cane n.细长的茎、藤条
sugar-cane n.甘蔗
tobacco n.(烟草)制品；抽烟
local adj.地方的、当地的
(Teacher asks one student to read the new words,then corrects the mistakes the student made.)
Step Ⅲing up
T:Please turn to Page 's do Warming up.(Teacher shows the graphs on Page 32 on the screen.)Look at the two graphs and discuss the questions on Page can do it in pairs or a few minutes,I'll ask some students to talk about them.(Students begin to discuss the teacher goes and joins them.A few minutes later,teacher says the following.)
T:Are you ready?Who can give us a talk about the first topic?SA,how are people's eating habbits changing over the years?
SA:From the first graph,we can see that the eating habits of the people in our country have changed re 1949,they had not enough to eat and often went natural disasters happened,a great number of people would die of re the reforming and opening to the world,grain was still a big le mainly lived on corn and few kinds of e the 1980s,especially the 1990s,people's eating habits have greatly le can eat whatever they and more people eat less grain,more meat and eggs and so and more people turn their eyes to meat,eggs,milk and all kinds of green vegetables.
T:Why do you think this happens,SB?
SB:It is all because of the Party's good policies.
T:Very is true and everyone can see has agricultural produce changed during the first half of the 1990s?And what do you think caused these changes?
SC:From the first half of the 1990s,scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without causing damage to the cially the new technique, “GM”,has made agricultural production increase ntists develop new kinds of seeds,better cows,pigs,sheep as well as is the new techniques that make all this possible.
T:Do you agree with him,SD?
SD:Yes,I I want to give an answer to the three question.
T:Good,please say that.
SD:With the changes in people's eating habits,agriculture as well as nature will have to change,le are eating more meat and is to say,they need more fish,pigs,sheep and cattle as well as feed these animals,we need more grain,especially more protect our environment,the ways to raise animals have the development of modern science and techniques,some of the fields are not needed to produce more can grow grass,flowers farmers are needed and they can do other kinds of work.
Step Ⅳening
T:So much for the we'll do passage you'll listen to is about tells us about farming of all countries in early times and protection of nature and en to the tape carefully and do the exercises ,read the requirements,please.(Students read the requirements.)Now do you know what you'll have to do after listening to the passage?(Ss:Yes.)During listening,I'll play the tape three r listening for the first time,you can leave over the ones you are not sure can do them when I play the tape for the second or the third k your answers with your partner after you clear?(Ss:Yes.)(At last,teacher shows the answers on the screen.)
Step Ⅴking
T:Now let's do part says that a group of farmers in your area have been given a large piece of villagers together with the village leader have to decide how to use the in groups of five group member will play one of the are role cards,discuss the problem and try to make a re discussion,who can give us some useful expressions about giving advice and making decisions?
Giving advice:
SE:My advice would be….I advise you to do….
SF:I think you ought to….d better….
SG:If I were you,I would….
I would advise you.
SH:I don't think you ought to….
Making a decision:
SI:In my opinion,we should…
I think/believe you should…
SJ:I don't think it is necessary to do sth.… must decide….
SK:I hope we can make a decision.
(Teacher writes all the expressions above on the Bb.)
T:Now let's have a discussion,using the expressions on the blackboard later,I'll ask some students to act it out.
Sample diaolgue:
Sa-villager A;Sb-villager B;
Sc-villager C;Sd-villager D
Se-the village leader
Se:As we all know,we are given a large piece of land.I've got all of us here to have a discussion and decide how to use the se give us your advice.
Sa:I advise we should grow corn on this piece of 's large and flat and machines can go up and down it,so we can spend less time and get more corn.A lot of money can be made after selling the corn.
Sb:I think we ought to build a farm there and raise pigs or cows with the grain we we can make more money.
Sc:My advice is that we should turn it into a garden,and grow flowers we can sell the e is nobody here selling I think our business will surely be des,sometimes selling grain or meat is hard,for the price could be too low.
Sd:I think we'd better design it like this:We build a building of a few each floor,we can raise one kind of their wastes,we can raise fish or grow vegetables on the top or in the space which faces the can also grow mushrooms in the dark can use one quarter of it to do this and build a garden on one quarter so that people can enjoy themselves of the rest grow flowers to sell and for the other half we can grow grass on it so that our environment will be better.
Sa:That's a good it will need a lot of money to do this.I hope we can make a decision today.
Se:We must make a opinion is that we do as SD other opinions?
Sb and Sc:I agree with you.
Step Ⅵary and Homework
T:In this class,we've talked about two statistical graphs and listened to a have also talked about how to use a large piece of land,using some expressions of giving advice and making e expressions are:“…”(Pointing to the blackboard.)After class,choose a subject as you like with your pratner and have a discussion,using the expressions on the 's all for s is over.
Step Ⅶ Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 19 Modern agriculture
The First Period
Giving advice:My advice would be….
I advise you to do….
I think you ought to….
You'd better….
If I were you,I would….
I would advise you….
I don't think you ought to….
Make a decision:In my opinion,we should….
I think/believe we should….
I don't think it is necessary to do sth.
We must decide….
I hope we can make a decision.
Step Ⅷrd after Teaching
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The Second Period
Teaching Aims:
le the students to learn something about modern agriculture from the text.
le the student to master the new words and expressions in the text.
the students to have the ability to grasp the general idea of an passage as fast as possible.
Teaching Important Points:
to improve the students' reading ability.
to get the students to master the new words and expressions of the text.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to improve the students' reading and writing ability.
Teaching Methods:
ussion to raise the students' interest in agriculture.
-and-answer method to help the students understand the text better.
talk to improve the students' speaking ability.
Teaching Aids:
1.a tape recorder
2.a projector and some slides
3.a computer for multimedia use
Teaching Procedures:
step Ⅰtings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual
T:At the end of the last period,I asked every one of us to join in a I'll ask a group to repeat the will act it out for us?Wang Hong,act it for us with your group,will you?
Wang:Yes.…
(Teacher asks two groups to repeat their discussion before the class.)
step Ⅱaration for Reading
T:So much for se turn to Page 's learn the new words and expressions Ming,read the new words and expressions of this period,n with the word“arable”and end with the word “soil”.
(Teacher and the students learn the new words and expressions her corrects students' mistakes in pronunciation and gives simple explanations of some words if necessary.)
T:Are there any students coming from the countryside in our class?
Ss:Yes.A lot of us students are from peasant family.
T:Have you ever worked in the fields,Wang Fei?
Wang:Yes.I often work in the field with my parents.I can do a lot of farm work.
T:Have you ever heard of anything about farming in the past?
Ss:Yes,I have.
T:Now turn to Page 's do uss the p e your answers on a piece of paper.
(After a few minutes.)
T:Are you ready?(Ss:Yes.)Who would tell us something about traditional and modern farming?
SA:In the past,farmers grow crops in the traditional way:Use cattle to plough the field;farmers work in the field most of the day all year round,but they could not produce enough food for the whole they grow crops in the modern use modern techniques in their fields,such as chemical fertilizers,greenhouses and so on.
T:Who would answer the second question?
SB:I'll advantages are:chemical fertilizers,electronic pumps and other advanced technology are ers can spend less time on farms and much more grain is disadvantages are:the air,the water and the soil round us are more or less polluted.
Sc:I'll say something about other changes that have taken place on farms in the last 100 the past,we depended on heaven and we could do little when natural disasters ,we can do artificial makes better seeds the same fields,better seeds can give us much more des,all kinds of scientific ways of farming are used in ers in our country are becoming richer and richer day by day.
T:Very good.
Step Ⅲ Reading
T:Now read the text fast and then answer the questions on the screen.
was more advanced technical information was brought in from abroad?
is important for future agriculture?
What should future agriculture depend on?
does“which”refer to in the last two lines?
(After a few minutes.)
T:Are you ready?
Ss:Yes.
T:Please give us the answers to the questions.
SD:In the 1980s,more advanced technical information was brought in from abroad.
SE:Both food production and taking care of the environment are future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.
SF:I think taking care of the environment is more use we have only one earth.
Sa:In the last two lines,“which”refers to“golden rice”.
T:What is the other name of “golden rice” in the text?
Sa:GM rice.
Step Ⅳing
T:Now read the text again and answer the questions in Post you are not sure about your answers,have a discussion with your classmates.
(After the students' discussion)
T:Please turn to Page 's answer the ,give your answers to the first five questions.
SH:They are:1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.C
T:Is he right?
Ss:Yes,he is right.
T:Now let's do Part 2.
SI:I want to change apples.I want them not only to grow bigger and more delicious,but also of the same use some of the apples now are smaller and not delicious and the apples of the same size are popular in the market.
SJ:I want to change fruit trees.I want them to grow shorter so that the fruits on them are easy to pick they must give us more fruits so that the farmers can make more money and become richer.
T:That's a good idea!I have the same opinion as you.
SK:I want to change carrots.I want them to grow much use the carrots our villagers grow are smaller.
SL:I want to change the vegetables people usually eat.I want them to be better for people's they will spend less money on medicine.
SM:I want to change cows.I want them to have more they will not be expensive to so,more farmers can buy them and become rich.
SN:I want to change fruit trees.I want to plant the trees growing in the we will have more kinds of fruits than ever before.
T:You've done r class,continue to think about more good I'll explain some expressions and language points of the text to se look at the screen.
modernize make(sth.)suitable for modern use or for the needs of the present time.
spent a lot of money modernizing his house.
depend on:Health depends on good food,fresh air and enough sleep.
short of:He didn't buy anything because he was short of money.
control power over( sth.),rule,direct
The machine is controlled by this button.
control one's anger
stand for:USA stands for the United States of America.
modify:to change(sth,such as a plan,an opinion,a condition,…)
To modify anything is to change it a little.
T:(After explaining the words and expressions on the screen.)Now read the text and see if you still have something you find difficult to understand.
(Teacher goes among the students to explain any questions raised by the students.)
Step Ⅴening and Reading Aloud
T:Let's listen to the tape.I'll play it first time I play it,just I play for the second time,you can read the text after please read the text aloud after I play the tape.
(While the students read the text,teacher goes among the students and corrects any mistakes the students make in pronunciation and intonation.)
Step Ⅵary and Homework
T:In this class,we've learnt the text“Modern agriculture” tells us about agriculture of our country,for example,its past and present,especially its you had a clear understanding about future agriculture?From now on,we should study hard and be ready to make greater contributions to our agriculture and r class,please read the text again and master the usages of the new words and expressions of the text,especially the following:modernize… can make sentences with them in pairs or 's all for s is over.
Step Ⅶ Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 19 Modern agriculture
The Second Period
New words:
modernize,control,modify.
Useful expressions:
depend on:Health depends on good food,fresh air and enough sheep.
short of:He didn't buy anything because he was short of money.
stand for:USA stands for the United States of America.
Step Ⅷrd after Teaching
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The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
the students to master the structure:
It is …that….
the students to obtain some knowledge about word formation so that they can enlarge their vocabulary.
Teaching Important Points:
usage of the structure:It is…that…
basic rules of word formation.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to use the sentence pattern:“It is…that…”when we emphasize the nouns which mean places or time.
Teaching Methods:
work or group work to get every student to become active.
ls in grammar to get the students to have a clear concept.
tition to make the student master what they learn.
Teaching Aids:
1.a tape recorder.
2.a projector and some slides.
3.a computer for multimedia use.
Teaching Procedures:
step Ⅰtings and Revision
(Greet the whole class as teacher asks some students to read the text aloud.)
T:Now look at the screen,h the words on the left with their meanings on the e your answer on a piece of r we'll check the answers.
ght A.(of land)suitable or used for growing crops
le upon,be depend ent of
ilization C.a long period of dry weather,when there is not enough water
nd on having enough
tage ing fertilizer on land
t of ;put in use;take advantage of
gation G.a condition of having less than needed
use of lying water to dry land by man-made streams
gation I.a group of persons acting for one or more others
(A few minutes later.)
T:Are you ready?
Ss:Yes.
T:I'll show the answers on the se check your answers with them.
Suggested answers:
1.C 2.A 3.E 4.B 5.G 6.D 7.H 8.F 9.I
step Ⅱ Study
T:Let's go on to do Language t we'll do the first part:Word we all know,word formation is a useful tool in learning can help us enlarge our can get a noun by adding some sufixes to a verb,for example,form→formation,Generally a verb+-tion=a there is something you should pay special attention let's do the following e the noun form of the given verbs and the verb form of the given you are not sure about them,please turn to a make sentences with each you have anything you don't understand,have a discussion with your classmates.
(Teacher goes among the students and help them to do the exercise.)
T:Have you finished?(Ss:Yes.)Let's check the e your answers on the blackboard,please.
Answers
Verb Noun
irrigate irrigation
modernize modernization
populate population
produce production
fertilize/fertilise fertilization
inform information
protect protection
modify modification
T:Now make sentences with each group student,one group.
SB:irrigate:They irrigate their crops with water from this river.
irrigation:We often see irrigation canals on the land.
SC:modernize:They have failed to modernize the factories.
modernization:We will realize the four modernizations.
SD:populate:America was populated mostly by Europeans.
population:China has a population of more than 1 200 000 000.
SE:produce:Australia produces wool and meat.
production:This country is famous for the production of cars.
SF:fertilize:Rice growers fertilize their fields by flooding them with water.
fertilization:Proper fertilization is important for farming.
SG:inform:He informed them of his arrival.
information:The information might be false.
SH:protect:It is our duty to protect our country.
protection:The protection of our country is the duty of us all.
SI:modify:Adjectives modify nouns.
modification:The article needs some modification.
Step Ⅲmar:The use of “It”(2)
T:(Teacher shows some sentences on the screen.)
Look at the two groups of sentences on the screen:
T:Are sentence a and b in each group have the same meaning?
Ss: of the two sentences in each group have the same meaning.
T:Are there any difference?Sa,can you tell me?
Sa:ence a is the emphatic form,while sentence b is I right?
T:Yes,you are right.“It is/was…that…”is the emphatic structure can be used to emphasize almost any part of the sentence (except emphasizing the verb)des,if we emphasize the subject,“who”(referring to a person)is possible instead of “that” an object is emphasized,“whom”(referring to a person)is at the this sentences and rewrite them,emphasizing the parts underlined,using“It is/was…that…”se prepare them in pairs.
Rewrite the sentences:
1. The children often help the father and mother do the farm work.
2. In 1993,a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.
biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.
4. The plants grown in greenhouses are protected from the wind,rain and insects.
re agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.
(After a few minutes.)
T:Are you ready?(Ss:Yes.)Please change these student,one will be the first?
Sb:I'll ence 2:It is the children who/that often help the father and mother do the farm work.
Sc:I want to rewrite the second sentence,but I'm not sure whether I should use“is”or“was”.
T:Here you should use “was”.
Sc:Sentence I:It was in 1993 when a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.
T:Is he right,Sd?
Sd:Yes.
T:You're both should pay special attention to “that”when we emphasize the adverbial of time and both situations,we should use“that”instead of “when ”or“where” you clear about that?
Ss:Yes.
T:Let's go on with the other sentences.
Se:Sentence 3:It is the shortage of arable land that the biggest problem of Chinese farmers is.
SF:Sentence 4:It is the plants grown in green houses that are protected from the wind,rain and insects.
SG:Sentence 5:It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on.
T:Are they right?
Ss:Yes,they are all right.
Step Ⅳtice
T:Now let's do the second part of ite the sentences,emphasizing as many parts as t look at it carefully and then do the can have a discussion with your classmates if you have any questions.A few minutes later,we'll check the answers.
(When students finish,teacher shows the answers on the screen and get the students to check their teacher answers the questions raised by the students.)
Answers to the exercise:
was Herry who/that gave George a new tie for his birthday last year.
It was George whom/that Herry gave a new tie for his birthday last year.
It was a new tie that Herry gave George for his birthday last year.
It was last year that Herry gave George a new tie for his birthday.
was during that period of time that they made three important discoveries.
It was they who/that made three important discoveries during that period of time.
It was three important discoveries that during that period of time they made.
is some people in South America who /that still practise this kind of farming.
It is this kind of farming that some people in South America still practise.
Step Ⅴary and Homework
T:In this class,we've done some exercises about Word se remember these words on the blackboard(Pointing to the blackboard) should also remember the emphatic construction:It is …that(who,whom)…What should we pay special attention to?Who can tell us?
Sh: verb can not be emphasized.
we emphasize the adverbial,we should remember that we cant't use when or where.
T:(Write what the student said on the blackboard.)That's r class,we should do more exercises so that we can master y's homework:Do the exercises concerned in the 's s is over.
Step Ⅵ Design of the Writing on the Blackboard.
Unit 19 Modern agriculture
The Third Period
Word Formation:
Verb Noun
irrigate irrigation
moderniz emodernization
populate population
produce production
fortilize/fertilise fertilization
inform information
protect protection
modify modification
The emphatic structure:
It is …that(who)…
Notes:
verb can not be emphasized
we emphasize the adverbial,we should remember that we can't use when or where.
Step Ⅶrd after Teaching
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The Fourth Period
Teaching Aims:
the students learn and master the new words and expressions in the text.
ove the students' reading ability by learning the text.
the students to know something about farming,learn from Jia Sixie and dedicate themselves to science.
Teaching Important Points:
to get the students to master the new words and expressions.
to improve the students' reading and writing abilities.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to get a clear idea of an article as fast as possible.
Teaching Methods:
work or group work make every student take part in the class activities.
ing summary to help the students understand the main idea.
-and-answer method to help the students to grasp the main idea faster.
Teaching Aids:
1.a recorder
2.a projector and some slides
3.a computer for multimedia use
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰtings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual.
Teacher checks the students' homework.
Step Ⅱaration for Reading
T:Now let's go over the new words and expressions appearing in the text se turn to Page 113.…
(Teacher and students learn the new words and expressions of this period her gives brief explanations when necessary.)
Step Ⅲ-reading
T:(Show the picture of Jia Sixie and his book“Qi Min Yao Shu”.)
Do you know the old man and the book“Qi Min Yao Shu”?
SA: was Jia sixie,a great scientist of ancient China,living in Northern Wei he was famous for the book is about the science of farming.
T:Very please read the text fast and answer the two questions on the e your answers on a piece of paper.I'll collect the first five pieces of 's begin.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
Answer the following questions:
e was Jia Sixie born and when did he live?
advice did Jia Sixie give about ploughing the field?
(Teacher collects the answers when the first five students have finished)
T:(After all the students finish.)Have you finished?
Ss:Yes.
T:SB and SC,give us the two answers,please.
SB:He was born in Yidu,Shandong Province.
SC:He said that when you plough the soil,plough deeply the first time and less deeply the second time,and the autumn ploughing should be deeper than the spring ploughing.
Step Ⅲing
T:Quite let's read the text again and discuss the questions on the work or group work.
advice did Qi Min Yao Shu include?
should you do first as a farmer?
must be done before sowing or planting crops?
did Jia Sixie let sheep or cows walk on the land?
should we do if we want to reach the best harvest?
ld wheat be planted close together or with space?
(A few minutes later.)
T:Are you ready?(Ss:Yes.)Who will give us the first answer?
SD:It includes the following advice:growing green vegetables and fruit trees,keeping cows,sheep and fish in e are also instructions for making wine.
T:Please go on with the -lunteers!
SE:tly as a farmer,you should remember to do things at the right time of the year,If so,your work will be less and the result will be better.
SF:re you sow or plant crops,you must clean rough ground and remove weeds.
SG:use he wanted the animals to destroy the weeds or eat them.
T:Do the farmers get rid of weeds in this way now?
SG:No,they pull up the weeds or destroy them with a hoe.
T:Yes,they hoe up the weeds or use weed se go on.
SH: you want to reach the best harvest,you should change the crops in your fields.
T:What does that mean?
SH:For example,if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year,you will harvest good is to say,do not plant the same crop year after year in the same field.
SI:t should be planted close together instead of with use Jia Sixie did experiments and showen that.
T:Your answers are is because you have a full understanding about the k ,I'll explain some language points to se look at the screen.
Notes to the text:
Sixie was an important agricultural pioneer of the Northern Wei Dynasty(386~534AD).
t his time on research into agriculture:Note the preposition“spend time on something/doing something”and also“research into something”.
against nature=do things that are the opposite of the natural way.
things at the wrong time of year=do things at a time of year when the weather conditions are unsuitable.
after year=every year
different plants next to each other in same field:“next to each other”refers to“different plants”.
T:(After explaining the language points.)Do you have anything you don't understand?Please read the text again and see if you have any.(Teacher goes among the students and answers the questions raised by the teacher plays the tape and let the students listen and follow.)
Step Ⅴussion
T:This text is written in three paragraphs and each paragraph has its read the text again and make notes about the topics on the can do it in pairs or groups,then we'll check the answers.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
Farming and Gardening
t Jia Sixie
(Paragraph 1)
t Qi Min Yao Shu
(Paragraph 2)
t Jia Sixie's advice
(Paragraph 3)
T:(After a few minutes.)Have you fi-nished?Now I'll show the answers on the se check your answers with them.
Farming and Gardening
t Jia Sixie
t Qi Min Yao Shu(about farming and gardening)
T:Now let's do the second exercise on Page the instructions and write it on a piece of can have a discussion with your classmates if you are not sure about it.
Possible version:
November:It's in November that we have to plough the land for the first ploughing has to be done deeply.
March:It's in March that we should remove the weed and plough the land for the second ploughing has to be done less we clean the rough ground.
April:It's in April that we should sow the should remember to grow different plants next to each other.
May~September:It is in this time that we should water the plants,put fertilizer on the soil and remove weeds regularly.
July~October:It is in this time that we should harvest them.
Step Ⅵkpoint
T:Please turn to Page 's go over checkpoint of this the examples of the use of“It”for emphasis and find useful expressions from this make sentences with can turn to your dictionary if ne-cessary.
Sample sentences:
such as:A student such as he will surely succeed.
make use of:On your trip to Mexico you will be able to make good use of your knowledge of French.
as…as possible:Be as kind to her as possible.
bring in:His work brought him in$50 000 a year.
depend on:I depend on you to do it.
shortage of:Shortage of skilled workers is our main difficulty.
stand for:Our flag stands for our country.
in other words:He became,in other words,a great hero.
a variety of:This shop has a variety of toys.
be useful for:This book is useful for English study.
spend time on:Every spare minute he gets is spent on the car.
go against:They are going against our wishes.
year after year:We have been to that place for a holiday year after year.
nexe to:The man next to Bill was talking to him in Spanish.
Step Ⅶary and Homework
T:In this class,we've learned a 's about Farming and Gardening and it has three paragraphs,describing about…(Write on the blackboard.)We've learned some useful expressions in this unit,such as“Such as,make use of…”(Write on the blackboard.)After class,read the text and say the sentences you make in 's all for this bye!
Step Ⅷ Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 19 Modern agriculture
The Fourth Period
Farming and Gardening
Useful expressions:
such as make use of as…as possible bring in depend on shortage of stand for in other words a variety of be useful for spend time on go against year after year next to
Step Ⅸrd after Teaching
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
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The Fifth Period
The use of it
Teaching Aims:
ew the different usages of “it”.
the students to remember some useful sentence patterns.
the students to do more exercises so that they can master the grammar item.
Teaching Important Points:
Master the different uses of “it”,esp,the emphatic use and the use as a preparatory subject or a preparatory object.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to master and use “it ” correctly.
Teaching Methods:
ew method to revise the common use of “it”.
ctive method to go through some sentence patterns with “it”.
tice to consolidate the use of “it”.
Teaching Aids:
1.a projector and some slides
2.a computer for multimedia use
Teaching Procedures:
step Ⅰtings and Revision
(Teacher greets the whole class as usual and shows the screen.)
T:So far we've learned several uses of “it” please look at the uss the sentences with your partner and tell what the word “it”in each sentence refers to and its e your answers on a piece of paper and later I'll ask some students to say the answers.
Discuss the following sentences and tell the function of “it”.
's difficult to remember all their names.
's very quiet in the cafe.
rained for three days.
made it clear that he didn't want to speak to me.
was nice seeing you.
was on Tuesday that h came.
's three miles from here to the nearest garage.
8.A tall man stood up and shook was captain Lawrie.
9.I hear you bought a new you show it to me?
was five o'clock when we got back home yesterday.
was dirty and wet below the ship where the slaves were kept.
was on this coast that lots of his people disappeared.
was most likely that one third of them had lost their lives.
(After a few minutes.)
T:Are you ready?
Ss:Yes.
T:Who will give us the answers?One student,one nteers?
SA:“It” is used as a formal subject in the first real subject is the infinitive“to remember all their names.”
SB：2.“It”refers to present situation.
SC:3.“It”refers to “weather”.
SD:4.“It”is used as a formal object.
SE:5.“It” is used as a formal subject.
SF: sentence is an emphatic structure,emphasizing the adverbial of time.
SG:7.“It” is used here as an impersonal pronoun,referring to distance.
SH:8.“It”here is used to point out definitely a person.
SI:9.“It”here is applied to a new bike.
SJ:10.“It”refers to time.
SK:11.“It”is used as the subject,expressing state of things in general.
SL: sentence is also an emphatic construction,emphasizing adverbial of place “on this coast”.
SM: word “it”here is used as a formal subject.
T:Quite we all know,the word “it”can be used as a personal this case,“it”is not generally applied to a person,but to a thing or an animal just mentioned,such as“Sentence 9”ndly,“it” is used as a subject in expressions of time,weather,distance,etc,such as,in Sentence 2,3,7,10,dly,“it”can be used as a formal subject or object.(The real subject is an infinitive or gerundial phrase or a clause.)Such as,in sentences 1,4,5,thly,in Sentence 8,“it”points to a person and is called the Demonstrative can also be used in the emphatic structure,such as in sentence 6,12.
Step Ⅱtice
T:From the exercise we've done just now,we can see that you are all familiar with the common use of“it”,let's see some important sentence ,I'll give you an exercise on the screen.(Show the screen.)Pair work or group of the patterns are perhaps not familiar to so,look at the answers some minutes later and remember them.
Complete the sentences,paying attention to the structures of them and the use of“it”.
1.__________ (据报道)that dozens of children died in the accident.
2.__________(真遗憾)that he can't swim at his age.
3.__________(很可能)that they will beat us tonight.
4.__________(看来)that he enjoys pop songs very much.
5.__________(还是一个问题)when we shall have our sports meet.
6.__________(还不确定)whether he can attend this conference or not.
7.__________(不要紧，没关系)whether we go together or separetely.
is up to you__________(决定是否接受这项工作).
is important__________(我们学英语).
is kind__________(你帮助我).
took me five days__________(解决这问题).
's no use__________(与她争论).
(Some minutes later,teacher shows the answers on the screen to let the students check.)
Suggested answers:
was reported…
It be+ p.p known,thought,told,believed,hoped…)that clause.
's a pity…
It+be+n.(an honour,a good thing,a fact,a surprise…)+that clause.
is likely…
It be+ adj.(wonderful,ture,important,surprising,clear,…)+that clause
seems
It seem/appear/happen+that clause.
is still a question…
It be + n.+whether/when/where clause
is uncertain…
It be + adj.(not decided,uncertain)+whether/when/how clause
doesn't matter…
It doesn't matter(It's no doesn't make too much difference…)+wh-/how clasue
decide whether to take the job or not
It's up to do sth.
us to learn English
It be+ adj.(difficult,easy,hard,important)for do sth.
you to help me
It be+ adj.(kind,nice,brave,clever,stupid…)+of do sth.
solve the problem
It took sb.+time +to do sth.
ing with her
It's no use/no good/useless doing sth.
Step Ⅲtice
T:(Teacher shows the screen.)There are some other useful sentence patterns for se do the exercise on the a discussion with your classmates.
Complete the sentences:
1.__________(已经有三年了)since his father passed away.
2.__________(不久)the police arrived.
3.__________(已经八点了)when we got home.
4.__________(该……)she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.
5.__________(这是第一次)these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
6.__________(我们该……)to go to school.
T:(Some minutes later.)Have you fi-nished it?Now look at the screen.(Teacher shows the screen.)Please remember these sentence patterns.
Suggested answers:
is/has been three years
was not long before
was already 8 o'clock
is high time that
is the first time that
is time for us
Useful sentence patterns:
be+a period of time+since-clause.
be+a period of time+before-clause.
be+a definite time+when-clause.
be(high)time+that-clause.
be+the first(second,third) time+that-clause.
be+time for do sth.
Step Ⅳ
T:Now let's have a se look at the screen and do the exercise on it.
Choose the right answers:
__________matter if he can't finish the job on time?
was not__________she took off her dark glasses__________I realized she was a famous film star.
;that l;that
l;when ;then
's mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but__________didn't help.
h
4.__________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
e
was about 600 years ago__________the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
l
re
__________that I saw last night at the concert?
you you
yourself
7.__________was in 1979__________I graduated from the university.
;that ;that
;when ;when
Suggested answers:
1.D 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.B
Step Ⅴary and Homework
T:In this class,we've gone over the use of “it” you remember it?Let's recall it together.“It” can be used as a personal pronoun…(The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard.)There are some useful sentence are…r class,make sentences with class,I'll call some students to say their sentences to 's all for s is over.
Step Ⅵ Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Grammar:The Use of “it”
The Fifth Period
Personal“It”:applied to a thing or an animal mentioned
Impersonal“It”:referring to time,weather,distance,the state of things in general
Demonstrative“It”:pointing to a person or a thing or the thing spoken of;
Expletive“It”:A:a formal subject or a formal object;
B:the Emphatic“It”:It is…that(who)…
Some useful sentence patterns:
It is reported that…:
It is/has been three years since…
It is a pity that…:
It is not long before
… …
Step Ⅶrd after Teaching
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Reference for Teaching
一、异域风情
rn Farm
Pigs,fishponds and crops-all housed in tall is a vision of industrial farming in the Netherlands(荷兰) a world concerned about the environment and transport,would it not make sense to concentrate food production next to a harbor and an airport?And since humans can live in tall buildings,why not pigs and fish?
The creative minds behind a government report suggest just this for a site at Rotterdam very close to mainland Europe's largest port.
The scale is vast:imagine 10 football fields,six floors of equal area,a total of 500 acres(亩)stretching building,known as Deltapark,visualizes(让人想象到)300 000 pigs,1.2 million chickens,tens of thousands of fish and a giant vegetable growing area all under one pigs could enjoy more space than on an average pig farm,and end their days in the slaughterhouse e without daylight in the giant building could be used for cultivating mushrooms which grow well in the dark.
Higher up,green houses full of tomatoes and flowers,grown in nutrient solution collected from elsewhere in the building,would profit from the system is theoretically a complete farming cycle,with one activity feeding another and everything being recycled.
Deltapark is to be run by managers,not has nothing to do with agriculture as we now know it,and so far,only exists on the idea has created a heated debate(讨论)in the Netherlands and attracted attention abroad.
matic Farming
Can hard work be replaced by machines in agriculture?Yes,man is trying out(试验)automatic farming.
It is fun to watch a machine picking strange machine sails like a ship across a sea of its front is a the machine moves forward,tomato plants are pulled into the tomatoes are gathered while the rest of the plants are thrown back onto the ve workers sit on top of the rapidly pick out the bad fruit from the tomatoes.A red stream of ripe tomatoes is being sent into a cart that is pulled alongside the driver and twelve workers can pick in an hour ten tons of a new kind of out the invention,it would take 60 men to do the job.
Not all plants cooperate(合作)well with the farming lettuce(莴苣)for example,seeds plants in the same field in the same time ripe at different only way to tell a ripe head of lettuce is to look at it and feel now there is a machine even to do that!
There is a special machine to test it moves over one that feels right,it sends a signal back to the picking machine which goes cutting and picking is done satisfactorily by this set of machines.
二、知识归纳
(一)against的用法
(1)作“反对”解，相当于“in opposition to”
There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him.
有二十票赞成他而十二票反对他。
(2)作“防备；预防”解，相当于“in preparation for”。
We all need some savings against a rainy day.
我们都需要储蓄一些钱以备不时之需。
(3)作“抵抗、抵御”解，相当于“as a defence or protection from”。
We are all taking medicine against the disease.
我们都在服药以抵抗疾病。
(4)作“违反；犯；禁止”解。
This is against the law.
这是犯法的。
(5)作“逆……，对着”解，相当于“in an opposite direction to”。
I swam against the stream.
我逆流游泳。
(6)作“不利于……”解。
The evidence is against him.
证据对他不利。
(7)作“衬托；相映；对照；以……为背景”解，相当于“in contrast to;having as a background”。
is beautiful against the sky.
(8)作“对比；比较”解。
He was elected president of our class by a majority of forty votes against seven.
他以四十票对七票之多数被选为我们的班长。
(9)作“靠；依；接触”解。
The ladder was placed against the wall.
梯子靠着墙放着。
(10)against与beat,dash,hit,push,run,strike等动词连用，作“打在……，碰到……”解。
Rain beats against the window.
雨打在窗户上。
He hit against a tree.
他撞到了树上。
(11)against与over连用，作“面对；相对；在……的正对面”解。
We live over against the temple.
我们住在那寺庙的正对面。
(二)develop的用法
(1)发展，养成，形成，培养(vt.)
He developed an interest in science.
他对科学感了兴趣。
Fresh air and exercise develop healthy bodies.
新鲜空气加上体育锻炼造就了健康的体魄。
(2)发展，成长，形成，出现
He developed into a strong leader.
他成长为一位身体强健的领导人。
(3)冲冼(胶卷)
Let's have these pictures developed.
咱们把这些照片冲洗一下吧。
(4)开发，建设
We must develop the natural resources of our country.
我们必须开发我国的自然资源。
(三)research的用法
(1)作名词“研究工作”(不可数)
I asked him how his research was going.
我问他他的研究工作进展如何。
(可作定语：research work研究工作)
“一项研究工作”(可数)
They are carrying out a research into(for)the causes of cancer.
他们在进行一项研究癌症起因的研究工作。
I tried to concentrate my attention upon my chemical researches.
我尽力把注意力集中到了化学研究上。
(2)作动词“研究”(.)
The scientist researched the cause of the disease.
科学家研究了这种疾病的起因。
用于research into/in/on研究
He is researching into the reading problems of young school children.
他在研究小学生的阅读问题。
三、词语辨析
(一)special(ly),especial(ly),particular(ly)
(1)special(ly),指非一般，非正常，非广泛的人或事物，主要含义为“专门”“特殊”。
I came here specially to ask for your advice.
我是专门来向你征求建议的。
The desk has a special lock.
那张桌子有把专门的锁。
(2)especial(ly)指的是非普通、非寻常的事物或人，主要解释为“尤其”，一般不能与special(ly)混用。
I think this is a matter of especial importance.
我认为这是一件尤其重要的事情。
The weather has been especially cold lately.
最近，天气尤其冷。
special(ly)和especial(ly)在数量、程度等方面表示“例外，格外，过分”的意思时，一般可互换。
I enjoyed the evening,but the meal wasn't specially good.
整个晚上我过得很高兴，但那顿饭不怎么样。
(3)particular(ly)表示“尤其，特别，格外”，通常指以不同寻常的方式突出某一事物的个性或独特之处，它常与especial(ly)通用，但它更强调“与众不同”。
The town of Altolf was particularly troublesome.
阿尔托夫城是尤其麻烦。
These books will be particularly helpful to those who wish to improve their English.
这些书对于那些想要提高外语的人们特别地有用。
(二)produce,product,production,produce,product,production是同根词，它们译成汉语时往往都有生产、产品等意思，但他们之间有区别。
(1)produce作动词是生产、制造的意思，作名词用是产品、产物的意思，主要用于指农产品，为不可数名词。
We must produce more food for ourselves and import less.
我们必须增产粮食，以减少粮食进口。
The factory hasn't begun to produce yet.
工厂还没有开始生产。
Things produced on a farm,such as milk,potatoes,and wool,are produce.
农场里生产的东西，如牛奶、土豆、羊毛，都是农产品。
(2)product是产品、产物的意思，是最普通的用语，可指天然的或人造的，多指工业产品，也可指农产品，还可指脑力劳动、意志力、环境等的产物。
Important products of South Africa are fruit and gold.
南非的重要产物是金子和水果。
These are the products of our factory.
这些是我们厂的产品。
Criminals are sometimes the product of bad home.
犯罪分子有时是不幸家庭的产物。
(3)production是“生产、产量”的意思。指生产时，是指生产行为，指产品时，侧重产量，也可指文学艺术作品。
The production of cloth by hand has been replaced by production of it by machine.
布料的手工生产已被机器生产所取代。
The production of eggs has increased in the last few weeks.
我们的蛋产量近几个星期上升了。
This book on political history is the writer's latest production.
这本行政改革的书是作者的最新作品。
(三)nearly,almost
(1)almost=very nearly都表示“几乎，差不多”，常可通用。
It's almost/nearly two o'clock.
差不多两点了。
He fell off a tree and almost/nearly died.
他从树上摔下，险些儿丧命。
(2)almost和nearly可以互换的场合:
a.在肯定句中
I am almost/nearly 90 years old.
我快九十岁了。
She fell and almost/nearly broke her neck.
他跌倒了，颈骨险些骨折。
b.修饰all,every,always等时
I almost/nearly always go to bed at eleven.
我差不多总是11点钟上床睡觉。
c.在行为动词的否定式前
He almost/nearly didn't hear what I said.
他几乎未听见我讲了些什么。
(3)只能使用almost的场合：
a.修饰no,none,never,any以及no和any的合成词
I have almost nothing to do today.
我今天没什么事做。
There is almost none left.
几乎没剩下什么东西。
almost与否定词连用时，可与hardly,scarecely换用。
b.修饰表示感觉或心境的动词和形容词
You could almost imagine you were in Switzerland.
你几乎可以设想你在瑞士。
I almost think you're right.
我还不完全相信你是对的。
c.修饰more than和too
That's almost too mcuh.
那简直太过份了。
(4)只能用nearly的场合：
a.被very,not,pretty所修饰时
I'm not nearly ready.
我还没有准备好。
b.表示快要做什么事但后来“没有做”或“避开不做”时
We nearly called to see you last Saturday.
我们上星期六差点来看你。
四、能力训练
(一)完形填空
China is a large country of you know,there are more than 800 million 1 in a started to 2 the science of agriculture much earlier 3 other countries in the world.4 the people in Europe and America were trying to 5 wild animals and birds for food,farmers in China were 6 the science of example,Jia Sixie, 7 lived in the Northern Wei period(386~534AD).8 one of the farmning r he finished his work in the government,he 9 home and spent his time on research into 10 information,did experiments and learnt 11 the experiences of wrote a book called Qi Min Yao book, 12 has 110 000 characters,is about both farming and book is 13 to be an important summary of the knowledge of farming.
ers ers
eers ntists
lop
se ect
e
e use
ect t
ng ing
ying ing
h
idered
t
rned royed
sed oved
ected ted
h
idered
ied
Answers:1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B
(二)根据句意，用括号中所给单词的同根词填空：
1.我认为这不是一个明智的决定。
I don't think that was a __________(wisdom)decision.
答案：wise
2.那个箱子大，可以放得下那些书。
That__________(contain)is large enough to hold all the books.
答案：container
3.这个星期他脾气不好，离他远点。
His temper has been__________(change)this week,so keep away from him.
答案：changeable
4.在这个城市你能看到一个接一个的古代或者现代建筑物。
In this part of the city,you can see ancient and __________(modernize)buildings next to each other.
答案：modern
5.多吃营养丰富的食物。
Eat more good__________(nutrient)food.
答案：nutritious
6.听说，这个公司缺人手。
It is heard that the company is__________(shortage)for men.
答案：short
7.他指导他的学生学数学。
He__________(instruction)his students in mathematics.
答案：instructs(instructed)
五、高考真题
1.(NMET 2000)It is the ability to do the job__________matters not where you come from or what you are.
简析：选B。本句子为强调结构，强调主语the ability to do the job。
2.(2001上海春招)__________has been announced,we shall have our final exam next month.
简析：选B。这是as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，而非It has been announced that…结构，如果把逗号去掉，加上that,就应选C而不是B了。
3.(2002春招)-He was nearly drowned once.
-When was__________?
-__________was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
;It ;This
;It ;This
简析：选A。本题考查it,this,that的用法，that用于指代前面提到的事 ，it指代时间。